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1992-09-24
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#EF
#T15,4,AMORTIZATION
#C3,R5
~C~IAmortization means the extinction of a debt, both principal and interest,
by a series of evenly spaced payments usually equal in amount.~N
#D2
Each payment is large enough to pay the interest earned by the outstanding
principal during the preceding period and also to repay a part of the
outstanding principal. If the payments are equal (as is usually the case)
they form an annuity.
#D2
This is a very widely used form of debt repayment. Real estate mortgages,
automobile loan contracts, and minimum payments on revolving credit cards
are just a few examples of the use of the annuity form of debt repayment.
#W
%
#EW
#C3,R5
As with any other annuity, there are four elements to an amortization
contract:
#D2
1. ~KThe ~C~Iprincipal~N~k - the amount borrowed and to be repaid
#D1
2. ~KThe ~C~Irate~N~k - the interest rate on the outstanding principal
#D1
3. ~KThe ~C~Itime~N~k - that is, the duration of the contract and the time
between successive payments
#D1
4. ~KThe ~C~Ipayment~N~k - the amount of each equal payment
#D1
Although the most common annuity calculation determines the amount of the
payment given the other three elements, it is possible (and sometimes needed)
to calculate any one of the other three when the payment is known.
#D2
The amortization module in THE FINANCIAL ASSISTANT can be used to calculate
any one element, given the values for the other three elements.
#WP
%
#EW
#C3,R5
~C~IAmortization Schedules~N
Although the amount of each payment in the debt repayment schedule is equal,
the portions dedicated to interest on the outstanding balance and to repay-
ment of the principal are continually changing. Likewise, the rate at which
the debt itself is reduced is continually changing.
#D3
Therefore, it is common practice to prepare an amortization schedule showing
the distribution of each payment to interest and to debt reduction, and show-
ing the outstanding principal after each payment.
#D3
These schedules are readily produced and displayed by the amortization module
in THE FINANCIAL ASSISTANT.
#D2
(Examples of all amortization calculations are contained in the program.)
#WP
#X